Top 10 Biggest Cities in Saudi Arabia by Population
Saudi Arabia, one of the most influential countries in the Middle East, is known for its religious significance, economic power, and ambitious vision for modernization. Its cities are hubs of economic, cultural, and social activities that blend traditional values with modern advancements. From the capital Riyadh, a rapidly developing metropolis, to the holy cities of Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia’s cities reflect the country’s unique identity shaped by Islam, the Arabic language, and a distinct cultural heritage. These cities are also economic powerhouses that drive the nation’s oil-driven economy, along with significant advancements in technology, infrastructure, and tourism. Each city contributes to Saudi Arabia’s evolving role on the global stage.
Here are the top 10 cities in Saudi Arabia by population.
1. Riyadh
Overview
Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, is the largest city and the administrative, political, and financial center of the country. Known for its modern skyscrapers, luxurious malls, and ambitious development projects, Riyadh has rapidly transformed from a small desert town into a bustling metropolis. It’s home to the Saudi government and many of the country’s financial institutions.
Population and Demographics
Riyadh has a population of approximately 7.6 million people, making it the most populous city in Saudi Arabia. The population is a mix of Saudi nationals and expatriates from various parts of the world, including South Asia, the Middle East, and Western countries.
Economy and Industry
Riyadh is the economic heart of Saudi Arabia, supported by several key industries:
- Finance and Banking: Home to the headquarters of the Saudi Central Bank and various national and international banks.
- Construction and Real Estate: Ongoing mega-projects, including King Abdullah Financial District and Vision 2030 initiatives, drive rapid urban development.
- Technology and Innovation: Riyadh is emerging as a technology hub with various IT and innovation centers.
Key Attractions
Some of Riyadh’s must-see landmarks include:
- Kingdom Centre Tower: Iconic for its unique design and views of the city skyline.
- National Museum of Saudi Arabia: Offers insights into the country’s history and culture.
- Diriyah: A UNESCO World Heritage site and the birthplace of the Saudi kingdom.
2. Jeddah
Overview
Jeddah, located on the Red Sea coast, is known as the “Gateway to Mecca” and is the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia. Jeddah is renowned for its vibrant cultural scene, beautiful waterfront, and historical significance as a key port city. With its cosmopolitan atmosphere, Jeddah is considered the most liberal and diverse city in Saudi Arabia.
Population and Demographics
Jeddah has a population of around 4.7 million people, making it the second most populous city in Saudi Arabia. The city is home to a large expatriate population, contributing to its multicultural vibe.
Economy and Industry
Jeddah’s economy is supported by its strategic coastal location and industries such as:
- Shipping and Trade: The Jeddah Islamic Port is one of the busiest ports in the region.
- Tourism: As a transit city for pilgrims heading to Mecca, Jeddah plays a critical role in religious tourism.
- Retail and Hospitality: Jeddah’s Red Sea coastline attracts tourists, and the city boasts a growing luxury hotel market.
Key Attractions
Top attractions in Jeddah include:
- Jeddah Corniche: A scenic waterfront with parks, sculptures, and dining options.
- Al-Balad: The historic district with centuries-old buildings and souks.
- King Fahd’s Fountain: The tallest water fountain in the world, visible from many parts of the city.
3. Mecca (Makkah)
Overview
Mecca, the holiest city in Islam, is the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad and the site of the Kaaba in the Masjid al-Haram, the Grand Mosque. Every year, millions of Muslims from around the world travel to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage, making it one of the most visited cities globally by Muslims.
Population and Demographics
Mecca has a population of around 2 million, but the population swells during Hajj season, with millions of pilgrims arriving. The city has a predominantly Saudi population, with a large number of seasonal international visitors.
Economy and Industry
Mecca’s economy is centered around religious tourism, with significant contributions from:
- Tourism and Hospitality: Hotels, transport, and services catered to pilgrims drive the economy.
- Construction and Infrastructure: Ongoing projects aim to accommodate the increasing number of visitors.
- Retail: Mecca’s markets and shopping malls attract both residents and visitors.
Key Attractions
Key sites in Mecca include:
- Masjid al-Haram and the Kaaba: The most sacred site in Islam, where millions perform religious rituals.
- Abraj Al-Bait Towers: A prominent complex with hotels, shopping centers, and the Makkah Royal Clock Tower.
- Jabal al-Nour: A significant site where the Prophet Muhammad is believed to have received revelations.
4. Medina (Al-Madinah)
Overview
Medina, the second holiest city in Islam, is known for its religious importance and historical sites. The city is home to the Prophet’s Mosque, Al-Masjid an-Nabawi, which contains the tomb of Prophet Muhammad. Like Mecca, Medina attracts millions of visitors annually, particularly during Hajj and Ramadan.
Population and Demographics
Medina has a population of approximately 1.5 million people, and like Mecca, its population grows significantly during pilgrimage seasons. The city’s population is predominantly Saudi, with many international visitors.
Economy and Industry
Medina’s economy is deeply connected to religious tourism, supported by:
- Hospitality and Services: Hotels, restaurants, and services catering to pilgrims are key economic contributors.
- Retail and Souks: Medina has numerous markets that cater to tourists.
- Construction: Projects focused on expanding the Prophet’s Mosque and enhancing infrastructure.
Key Attractions
Some of the top attractions in Medina include:
- Al-Masjid an-Nabawi: The Prophet’s Mosque, one of the largest and most significant mosques in Islam.
- Quba Mosque: Considered the first mosque built in Islam.
- Uhud Mountain: The site of the historic Battle of Uhud.
5. Dammam
Overview
Dammam, located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, is a vital industrial and administrative center. As part of the Dammam Metropolitan Area (DMA), which includes Dhahran and Khobar, Dammam is known for its oil-based economy and strategic location along the Arabian Gulf.
Population and Demographics
Dammam has a population of around 1.25 million, with a mix of Saudi nationals and expatriates, particularly from South Asia and Western countries.
Economy and Industry
Dammam’s economy is driven by the energy sector, along with other industries:
- Oil and Gas: Home to the headquarters of Saudi Aramco, the world’s largest oil company.
- Industrial Manufacturing: Dammam has a thriving industrial zone, producing various goods.
- Logistics and Shipping: The King Abdulaziz Port in Dammam is a critical hub for imports and exports.
Key Attractions
Popular attractions in Dammam include:
- King Fahd Park: One of the largest parks in the region, with gardens, rides, and walking paths.
- Heritage Village: A cultural site showcasing traditional Saudi crafts and architecture.
- Dammam Corniche: A scenic coastal walkway along the Arabian Gulf.
6. Khobar
Overview
Khobar, part of the Dammam Metropolitan Area, is known for its modern amenities, luxury hotels, and shopping centers. Positioned along the coast of the Arabian Gulf, Khobar has a vibrant lifestyle and is popular among expatriates and locals alike.
Population and Demographics
Khobar has a population of about 800,000, composed of both Saudi nationals and a substantial expatriate community, creating a diverse cultural mix.
Economy and Industry
Khobar’s economy is heavily influenced by its proximity to Saudi Aramco and thriving service sectors:
- Retail and Hospitality: Known for luxury malls, restaurants, and hotels catering to residents and visitors.
- Oil and Gas Support Services: Many companies serve the oil industry due to Saudi Aramco’s presence nearby.
- Real Estate: Rapid urban development and high demand for housing contribute to Khobar’s growth.
Key Attractions
Notable sites in Khobar include:
- Khobar Corniche: A popular seaside walkway with parks and family areas.
- Scitech Technology Center: An interactive science museum.
- Al Rashid Mall: One of the largest malls in the region.
7. Jubail
Overview
Jubail, located in the Eastern Province, is known for its industrial significance and is home to the largest industrial city in the Middle East. With a strong emphasis on petrochemicals and heavy industry, Jubail plays a critical role in Saudi Arabia’s economy.
Population and Demographics
Jubail has a population of around 600,000, including Saudi nationals and a large expatriate workforce.
Economy and Industry
Jubail’s economy is heavily industrialized, with a focus on:
- Petrochemicals and Heavy Industry: Jubail is a global center for petrochemical production.
- Shipping and Logistics: The industrial port facilities support the export of petrochemical products.
- Engineering and Construction: The development of industrial infrastructure supports a variety of companies.
Key Attractions
Popular spots in Jubail include:
- Jubail Industrial City: The primary area for industrial operations and innovation.
- Al Nakheel Beach: A favorite beach among residents and visitors.
- Fanateer Beach: Known for its beautiful coastline and family-friendly facilities.
8. Ta’if
Overview
Ta’if, located in the mountainous region of the Makkah Province, is known for its pleasant climate, scenic landscapes, and fruit farms. As a summer retreat for Saudis seeking relief from the desert heat, Ta’if offers a distinct atmosphere with gardens, parks, and historical sites.
Population and Demographics
Ta’if has a population of approximately 580,000. The city’s population is predominantly Saudi, and its climate makes it a popular seasonal destination.
Economy and Industry
The economy of Ta’if is supported by:
- Agriculture: Ta’if is famous for producing roses, grapes, and pomegranates.
- Tourism: The city attracts tourists for its mild climate and scenic views.
- Retail and Hospitality: The city has a growing hospitality sector that serves tourists and locals.
Key Attractions
Some notable attractions in Ta’if include:
- Shubra Palace: A historic palace-turned-museum.
- Al Rudaf Park: A beautiful park with rocky landscapes and green spaces.
- Ta’if Rose Gardens: Known for producing Ta’if roses, used in traditional rosewater.
9. Yanbu
Overview
Yanbu, located along the Red Sea, is known for its port facilities and as a major industrial city. Divided into Yanbu Al-Bahr (Old Yanbu) and Yanbu Al-Sina’iya (Yanbu Industrial City), Yanbu serves as a critical export point for petrochemicals.
Population and Demographics
Yanbu has a population of around 320,000, with both Saudi nationals and expatriates working in the industrial sector.
Economy and Industry
Yanbu’s economy is heavily focused on industry and logistics:
- Petrochemical Production: Home to major refineries and petrochemical plants.
- Logistics: Yanbu Port plays a critical role in exporting petrochemical products.
- Tourism: Old Yanbu offers heritage sites, while the coastline attracts divers and beachgoers.
Key Attractions
Key sites in Yanbu include:
- Yanbu Corniche: A coastal area with parks and picnic spots.
- Yanbu Al-Sina’iya: The industrial area where major petrochemical plants are located.
- Historical Yanbu: Known for traditional architecture and historic sites.
10. Al-Ahsa
Overview
Al-Ahsa, located in the Eastern Province, is known for its lush oasis, which is one of the largest in the world. Rich in history and culture, Al-Ahsa’s heritage dates back thousands of years and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Population and Demographics
Al-Ahsa has a population of about 1.3 million, with a predominantly Saudi population and deep-rooted cultural traditions.
Economy and Industry
Al-Ahsa’s economy is driven by:
- Agriculture: The oasis supports date palm cultivation and other crops.
- Tourism and Heritage: Al-Ahsa’s historical sites and oasis attract many visitors.
- Crafts and Handicrafts: Traditional crafts, including pottery and textiles, are significant.
Key Attractions
Popular attractions in Al-Ahsa include:
- Al-Ahsa Oasis: Recognized by UNESCO for its historical and cultural significance.
- Qaisariya Souq: A traditional market known for handicrafts and local products.
- Jawatha Mosque: One of the oldest mosques in the region.
Saudi Arabia’s cities represent a vibrant blend of tradition and progress, each contributing to the nation’s cultural and economic landscape. From Riyadh’s modern skyline to the ancient heritage of Mecca and Medina, these cities are instrumental in defining Saudi Arabia’s identity and future development.
