Economic overview: Indonesia, a multiethnic country, is facing serious economic problems as a result of the spread of separatist movements and poor security in the regions, an underdeveloped legal framework for business activities, corruption, a weak banking system, and tensions with the IMF. Investor confidence remains at a low level, and in such conditions, the creation of new jobs is unlikely. Growth of 4.8% in 2000 is unlikely to be sustained as it was the result of short-term favorable factors, including high world oil prices, a sharp increase in exports of other goods and strong domestic demand for consumer durables. See cheeroutdoor.com to know more about Indonesia Business. GDP: at purchasing power parity – $654 billion (2000 est.). Real GDP growth rate: 4.8% (2000 est.). GDP per capita: at purchasing power parity – $2,900 (2000 est.). The composition of GDP by sectors of the economy: agriculture: 21%; industry: 35%; services: 44% (1999 est.). Proportion of population below the poverty line: 20% (1998). Percentage distribution of family income or consumption: per 10% of the poorest families: 3.6%; by the top 10% of families: 30.3% (1996). Inflation rate at consumer prices: 9% (2000 est.). Labor force: 99 million people (1999). Employment structure: agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.). Unemployment rate: 15-20% (1998 est.). Budget: revenues: $26 billion; expenditures: $30 billion including capital investment – NA (2000 est.). Spheres of economy: oil and natural gas production; production of fabrics, clothing and footwear; mining, production of cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber; production of food products; tourism. Growth in industrial production: 7.5% (2000 est.). Electricity generation: 78.674 billion kWh (1999) Sources of electricity generation: fossil fuels: 80.36%; hydropower: 14.63%; nuclear fuel: 0%; others: 5.01% (1999). Electricity consumption: 73.167 billion kWh (1999) Electricity export: 0 kWh (1999). Electricity import: 0 kWh (1999). Agricultural products: rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs. Exports: $64.7 billion (free on board, 2000 est.) Exports: oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber. Export partners: Japan 21%, USA 14%, Singapore 10%, South Korea 7%, Netherlands 3%, Australia 3%, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan (1999 est.). Imports: $40.4 billion (s.i.f., 2000 est.) Import articles: machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs. Import partners: Japan 12%, US 12%, Singapore 10%, Germany 6%, Australia 6%, South Korea 5%, Taiwan, China (1999 est.). External debt: $144 billion (2000 est.) Recipient of economic assistance: $43 billion from IMF programs and other official external sources of funding (1997-2000). Economic aid donor: Currency: Indonesian rupiah. Currency code: IDR. Exchange rate: IDR/USD -10,000 (January 2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997), 2,342.3 ( 1996). Fiscal year: calendar year (since 2001, earlier April 1-March 31).
Telecommunications
Telecommunications Telephone lines: 5.588 million (1998). Mobile cell phones: 1.07 million (1998) Telephone system: internal communication is mediocre, international communication is good; internal: a microwave communication system and a high-frequency police radio network operate between the islands; internal satellite communication system; international: ground satellite stations -2 Intelsat (1 Indian and 1 Pacific oceans). Broadcast stations: AM – 678, FM – 43, shortwave – 82 (1998). Radio receivers: 31.5 million (1997) Television broadcast stations: 41 (1999). Televisions: 13.75 million (1997) Internet country code: id Internet service providers: 24 (2000). Number of users: 400,000 (2000).
Transport
Transport Railways: total: 6,458 km; narrow gauge: 5,961 km (1.067 m gauge) (101 km electrified; 101 km dual track); 497 km (0.750 m gauge) (1995). Roads: total: 342,700 km; coated: 158,670 km; unpaved: 184,030 km (1997 est.) Waterways: total 21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Su-lawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km. Pipelines: for crude oil – 2,505 km; for oil products – 456 km; for natural gas – 1,703 km (1989). Ports and harbors: Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya, Ujungpandang, Chilachap, Cirebon. Merchant navy: in total: 609 vessels (of 1,000 tons displacement or more) with a total displacement of 2,698,157 gross register tons / 3,723,833 long tons of gross tonnage; ships of various types: dry cargo ships – 36, cargo ships – 357, chemical tankers – 10, container ships – 25, liquefied gas tankers – 3, livestock ships – 1, passenger ships – 7, cargo-passenger ships – 14, oil tankers – 117; Airports: 453 (2000 est.). Airports with paved runways: total: 136; over 3,047 m: 4; from 2438 to 3047 m:12; from 1524 to 2437 m: 39; from 914 to 1523 m:44; less than 914 m: 37 (2000 est.). Airports with unpaved runways: total: 317; from 1524 to 2437 m:6; from 914 to 1,523 m: 28; less than 914 m: 283 (2000 est.). Helipads: 4 (2000 est.).
Armed forces
Branches of the armed forces: ground forces, navy, air force, marines. Enlistment age: 18 years old. Total Military Manpower: Male 15 to 49: 64,046,049 (2001 est.). Eligible for military service: men aged 15 to 49: 37,418,755 (2001 est.). Number of persons reaching military age each year: men: 2,263,706 (2001 est.). Military spending in dollar terms: $1 billion (FY98-99) Military spending as part of GDP: 1.3% (FY98-99)
International Issues
International problems International disputes: the dispute with Malaysia over the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan. Illicit drugs: illicit production of cannabis, mainly for the domestic market; the role of Indonesia as a transit point for heroin from the Golden Triangle is possible.
