Mongolia is an East Asian country. Located between Russia to the north and China to the south, it covers an area of 1 564 116 km2. The main cities are Ulan Bator, the capital, with 819,400 residents (2004), Darhan (70,900 residents), Choybalsan (45,000 residents), Erdenet (73,600 residents) and Ölgiy (30,200 residents).
The Southeast of the country is part of the Gobi Desert. The western half of Mongolia is much more mountainous than the eastern half.
Climate
The climate is desert, cold and continental, with extremely long winters, cold and dry, and short, hot summers.
Economy
Pastoralism continues to be the dominant activity, having its greatest expression in the steppes that surround the Gobi desert. The dominant crops are cereals, potatoes and vegetables. The most important mining resources are copper, molybdenum, gold, coal, lead, zinc, uranium, iron, tin, phosphorite, tungsten, fluorite and semi-precious stones. Although the industry is underdeveloped, production includes food products, footwear, clothing and wood products. Imports are made up of machinery, transport equipment, fuels and food products. Mongolia’s main trading partners are Russia, Japan, Switzerland and China. Environmental indicator: the value of carbon dioxide emissions,per capita (metric tons, 1999), is 3.2.
Population
The population of Mongolia in 2006 was 2 832 224 residents, which corresponds to a density of approximately 2 residents/km2. The birth and death rates are, respectively, 21.59% and 6.95%. Average life expectancy is 64.89 years. The value of the Human Development Index (HDI) is 0.661 and the value of the Gender-adjusted Development Index (IDG) is 0.659 (2001). It is estimated that, in 2025, the population will be 3,631,000 residents. The main ethnic groups are Mongol Khalkha (79%), Kazakh (6%) and Mongolian Dorbed (3%), Tantric Buddhists (Lamaists) represent 96% of the population and Muslims account for 4%. The official language is Mongolian.
History
With the end of the Tsarist regime in Russia in 1917, Mongolia came to be controlled by China. It was invaded in 1920, during the Russian Civil War. A year later, the Chinese were expelled from Mongolia. In 1924, the People’s Republic of Mongolia was proclaimed, and the Communist Party was established. The country started to have a great political, economic, cultural and ideological proximity with Russia. During the 1960s and 1970s relations between Mongolia and China deteriorated. Tensions did not end until 1986, when diplomatic relations were established. In 1990 and 1991, Mongolia joined democratic changes in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, having won the PRMP (Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party) in the first multiparty elections in July 1990. However, as time passed the MPRP lost ground and in the 1996 elections it was defeated by the DUC (Coalition of the Democratic Union). After four years of reforms in the economic and political system, the MPRP won the 2000 legislative elections. The regime is multiparty and the prime minister governs with a legislative assembly. For Mongolia democracy and rights, please check homeagerly.
Countryaah.com: Offers a full list of airports in the country of Mongolia, sorted by city location and acronyms.
Abbreviationfinder.org: Provides most commonly used abbreviations and initials containing the country name of Mongolia. Listed by popularity.
1UpTravel.com – Maps of Mongolia
Discover the political and shaded relief maps of Mongolia, a northern Asian country, between China and Russia. View a regional map of Ulaan Baatar (Ulan Bator).
Discover the map of Mongolia with its various states. Offers geographical structure,population details, and way of transportation presents in Mongolia country.
